Population Studies

Population Studies (Social Groups and Racial

 Groups)

Social Groups:

When two or more individuals come together and influence one another, they may be called a social group.

                                                                                    William Ogburn

Social group is a group of two or more persons who are in state of interacton with one another.

                                                                                    Mayer Nimkoff

Social groups may be categorized as;

1.     Collectively of two or more individuals

2.     Living in a state of interaction

3.     With one another

The state of social interaction:It refers to reciprocal influence individual exert on one another through inter-stimultion and response.

Example

v A family living in a home

v Group of employee working in a same organization

v Group of classmates

v A group of members of meeting

Types of social group

Social groups may be categorized on four basis,i.e.

1)    Contact

2)    Identification

3)    Relation to society

4)    Rules and Regulations

Contact: On the basis of Contact we have  Primary and Secondary group.

Primary group: The group have a great importance.For instance the family provides food, shelter and care for kid.

v Family

v Neighbourhood

v Local brotherhood

v Close friends

v Peers

Secondary group:

v A shopkeeper-customer relation

v A doctor- patient relation

v A advocate – client relation

v A teacher – student relation

v A candidate – voter relation

Identification: On the basis of identification we have In-Group and Out-Group.

   In-group: A group, to which we directly belong is called in-group. It can be:

v Our family

v Tribe

v Sex

v Occupation

v Games

v Interest group

Out-group: A group to which we do not belong , is called an out- group. It can be any group of others(not ours), including:

v A family

v ethnicity

Relation to Society: On the basis of  Relation to society we have Un-social group, Anti social group, Pro-social group and psendo- social group.

Ø Un-social group: They are

v Drug addict

v Criminals

v Psychological amonalies

v Thieves and murderers

Ø Anti-social group: They are

v   Terrorist group

v   Criminals

v   Thieves

v   Murderers

Ø Pro-social group: They are

v   Promoting education

v   Reducing poverty

v   Providing health care

v   Treating drug addict

Ø Psendo- social group: They are

v Business

v Restaurant

v Clinic

v Private organization

 Racial Groups

The term race ha been employed:

·        Culture (latin race)

·        Tradition (Anglo race)

·        Language (semtic race of Aryan race)

·        Nationality (French, English, German or American race)

Classification of Races

The basis of race classification is as:

·       Shape of Nose

·       Thickness of Lips

·       Shape of Head

·       Stature

·       Hair Colour

·       Eye Colour

·       Skin Colour

Types of Racial Groups

The racial groups has six  types and may be categorized as:

·       The Negritos

·       The Proto-Australoids

·       The Mongloid

·       The Mediterraneans

·       The Dravidians

·       The Nordics

The Major Racial Groups in India are:

Ø The Negritos: They are the short satured type of human race. They are characterized by:

·       Woolly hair

·       Bulbous forehead

·       Broad flat nose

·       Slightly protruding jaws

·       Tribal gropus such as poliyans and kedars living in the hills.

·       Forests of the indian peninsula and Andaman islanda constitute the negritosrace in india.

Ø The Mongoloids:

·       They are mainly concentrated in the region of Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Ladakh and other part of North Eastern state.

·       They are broad-headed and long-headed.

·       They mostly live in Bhutan and Sikkim.

Percentage of Racial Tribe in India

The Paleo-Mongoloids and Proto-Australoids

The Paleo-Mongoloids:

·       The first Mongoloids to came india.

·       They are mainly settled in tehe border of Himalays.

·       Found mostly in Assam and the adjacent states.

Proto-Australoids:

·       They came just after Negritos.

·       They are settled in the central india.

·       Their hair is coarse and straight.

·       Santhals, Bhils, Gond, Munda, Oraon etc. tribes are related to this group.

·       Their skeleton found in evcavations of Mohanjodaro and Harappa.

·       The people who has the collaboration with the Mediterranean race, had developed the Indus Valley civilization.

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   A R Statistics


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